Solutions, Learning, and Issues

Engineering Solutions

Engineering solutions have always had a major impact: globally, economically, environmentally, and socially. It is crucial that, especially in engineering, that mankind as a whole create, integrate and transfer knowledge and practice in order to develop professionals, leaders, and citizens that define and serve societal and environmental needs by applying the skills and knowledge that they have gained from their education in an effective and sustainable manner. Globally, every engineer is responsible for keeping check and maintaining a constant level of safety in every level of the profession. The decisions that these engineers make could lead to the next nuclear meltdown, release of mass amounts of toxins into the air, or to the development of some new technology the improves the lives of people across the world. This is the type of responsible ability that engineers are faced with on the job every day. Economically, engineering solutions have the capability to improve things exponentially. From the design of some technical program that has to capability to eliminate of accounting errors and discover flaws within large economical systems to the development of some new synthetic material that eliminates the need for raw products such as oil and gas. In some ways it as if engineering solutions and ideas are the driving force of advancement in society as a whole. Environmentally, engineering solutions are making changes daily. From the new smart cars that have the capability to get over 100 miles to the gallon to the development of advanced solar systems that are capable of producing “green” power double that of their predecessors. In turn these type of environmental solutions is what will allow the continuation of life as a whole, even when resources become almost non existent. Overall, engineering solutions are what lead society to live a much more healthy, safer, and longer life.

Lifelong Learning

As an Electrical Engineering student I realize that lifelong learning is a must and is crucial to my personal success and future in the job world and technology, especially in my particular field, is constantly changing and becoming absolute. Without devoting myself to lifelong learning, just like the latest obsolete software or outdated flip phone, I too will become obsolete as an Electrical Engineer, unable to meet the demands of the new and constantly changing technological world. One of the greatest actions that I take in order to stay up on what is taking place in my field outside of my formal education at the University of Tennessee is involving myself with many other professionals in the field. One way that I achieved this goal is by becoming a member, locally and nationally, of IEEE. This membership provides a constant flow of the latest and greatest advances that are taking place within electrical engineering and computer science. Also, being a part of this organizations provides the networks, tools, and information that would otherwise be unavailable to me if I were not a member. However, one of the best ways to engage in lifelong learning is to become come interested and involved in all aspects of your field. While I am privileged to call myself a electrical engineer I never in any way limit myself to that title. Especially as a young engineering student, there is no point in my day in which I refuse to gain knowledge in any type of engineering or design just because it does not follow my specific path. This attitude toward learning does not stem from forcing myself to better myself, but rather from my strong interest in the chance of learning something new and exciting which may be valuable for future reference as I grow in the field and possibly receive a chance to solve a problem that no one else can. I didn’t choose the field I am in merly for a high salary but rather to live life being in a career being surrounded by what I love and enjoy. This is the attitude that, in my opinion, is crucial to any student or person that is wanting to dedicated themselves to a life of learning.

Important Issues In Electrical Engineering

Due to the fact that Electrical and Computer Engineering is a quickly growing field, there are constantly new improvements and technologies emerging everyday. One of the main issues facing this field is the ability to develop renewable resources for the planet. Our planet has a finite amount of resources that can be used to create energy, resourced that are predicted to be nonexistent in the near future. That fact has sparked a global attempt to find ways to create new resources or develop ways to reuse the resources we have access to. The development of these technologies is a priority in the field of engineering due to the devastating impact a lack of resources could have on the world as a whole. Another issue currently facing the world is the development of clean water and its distribution to underdeveloped nations. Clean water is such a vital part of health human development and several third world nations lack the access to water filtration which leads to malnutrition and disease. Developing a cheap, reliable way to filtrate and distribute water to these nations would greatly increase the health of those nations as a whole. Another piece of exciting technology that has recently gained popularity is the use of 3-D printing. With the new era of 3-D printing emerging physical meaning can be given to ideas in a very short turnover time, allowing more time for brighter ideas and further advancement of technologies. I myself have gained a lot of experience this area from designing and printing a waterwheel for my teams portable hydro generator idea this semester. A major contemporary issue in the field of computer engineering is the development of quantum computing. A group of engineers from Australia have developed a way to store a bit on a single atom of silicon's nucleus. The implications of this development could be monumental. This could lead to vastly improved computing speeds and data storage capacity. These are just a few of many issues that are being tackled in the global spectrum of electrical and computer engineering. Engineering is one of the fastest developing industries and new issues develop on a daily basis.

ABET

The "10 Commandments" of the IEEE Code of Ethics

1. to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health, and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment;

2. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist;

3. to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data; 

4. to reject bribery in all its forms; 

5. to improve the understanding of technology; its appropriate application, and potential consequences; 

6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations; 

7. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others; 

8. to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national origin; 

9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action; 

10. to assist colleagues and co-workers in their professional development and to support them in following this code of ethics.f the IEEE Code of Ethics

The "24 imperatives" of the ACM COde of Ethics and Professional Conduct

1. GENERAL MORAL IMPERATIVES. As an ACM member I will . . .

1.1 Contribute to society and human well-being.

1.2 Avoid harm to others.

1.3 Be honest and trustworthy.

1.4 Be fair and take action not to discriminate.

1.5 Honor property rights including copyrights and patents.

1.6 Give proper credit for intellectual property.

1.7 Respect the privacy of others.

1.8 Honor confidentiality.

2. MORE SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES. As an ACM computing professional I will . . .

2.1 Strive to achieve the highest quality, effectiveness and dignity in both the process and products of professional work.

2.2 Acquire and maintain professional competence.

2.3 Know and respect existing laws pertaining to professional work.

2.4 Accept and provide appropriate professional review.

2.5 Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and their impacts, including analysis of possible risks.

2.6 Honor contracts, agreements, and assigned responsibilities.

2.7 Improve public understanding of computing and its consequences

2.8 Access computing and communication resources only when authorized to do so.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP IMPERATIVES. As an ACM member and an organizational leader, I will . . . . .

3.1 Articulate social responsibilities of members of an organizational unit and encourage full acceptance of those responsibilities.

3.2 Manage personnel and resources to design and build information systems that enhance the quality of working life.

3.3 Acknowledge and support proper and authorized uses of an organization's computing and communication resources.

3.4 Ensure that users and those who will be affected by a system have their needs clearly articulated during the assessment and design of requirements; later the system must be validated to meet requirements.

3.5 Articulate and support policies that protect the dignity of users and others affected by a computing system.

3.6 Create opportunities for members of the organization to learn the principles and limitations of computer systems.

4. COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE. As an ACM member, I will . . . .

4.1 Uphold and promote the principles of this Code.

4.2 Treat violations of this code as inconsistent with membership in the ACM.

Define what a “conflict of interests” is.

Give an example; identify what the interests are; identify what the conflict is; describe how someone would do something unethical because of the conflict between these two interests.

A conflict of interest (COI) occurs when an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation for an act in another. A conflict of interest arises in the workplace when an employee has competing interests or loyalties that either are, or potentially can be, at odds with each other. A conflict of interest causes an employee to experience a struggle between diverging interests, points of view, or allegiances.

Example:

Mike is a board member on the Neighborhood Council.

His spouse is a 50% partner in a Downtown Skyscraper. The property owner next to

the Downtown Skyscraper seeks to develop the property into a mall and seeks the

Neighborhood Council's support. What are Mike's economic interests? Is Mike

disqualified from participating on the proposal to develop property next to the Downtown

Skyscraper?

Answer:

Mike is disqualified from voting. Mike has an indirect interest in the downtown

skyscraper due to his wife's 50% ownership. Since the mall is next door to the

skyscraper, or within 500 feet of the skyscraper, Mike is deemed to have a material

interest that is financially affected by a decision on the mall.

Explain how the ACM/IEEE Codes are designed to permit the development of autonomous robots whose purpose is to spy, destroy, or kill.

Neither code of ethics explicitly says that you cannot harm others, only that you will avoid it. I avoid pot holes while driving, but I don't always miss them. IEEE's code states that you will "avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious action" and ACM's code says to only "avoid harm to others". Loose language allows for loose interpretation.

Chapter 19 and 20

     Chapter 19 begins by talking about great designs.  Brooks continues to talk about well known products.  Then he talks about the conservative process of a great design. There are also many compromises throughout a product design. The important part of design is to hold off just long enough to make a great design and talk about smaller issues later. Then other products are made similarly. Improved designs raise the  floor of a design; however, only genius designers can raise the roof. Then brooks talks about Steve Jobs a little and his great designs. Finally he concludes with a few sentences on conceptional integrity.

       Brooks begins Chapter 20 by talking about where great designers come from.  He mentions Schon's ideas on Technical Rationality.  Brooks believes in order to really create something awesome you must have a good design education. Only by designing many things will one learn from experiences.  Then brooks talks about a dual-ladder. Plans keep designers' minds broad and on point. He also says sometimes outside resources can open designers minds.  For many jobs only the right designers will work.  A secure manager is very important in a design.  A good design technique is to sketch ideas and have them reviewed. Designers should also learn from others past experiences, duhh. Brooks concludes talking about good designer training techniques.

Chapter 17-18

     Brooks enters Chapter 17 with the idea of creating a dream program to create houses and buildings. He mention having the help of his students from UNC Chapel Hill in designing this idea.  They used a top down approach. He refers to his program as the Dream System and demonstrates how it would breakdown someone's requests for their house using a model library. Brooks then writes about the hazards of this method. He related the verb-noun analogy to building a house, interesting. He mentions that since voice is the only way to portray commands, the Dream System with have a voice recognizer with general verbs.  Then he goes further in depth about the nouns. Furthermore, he talks about 2-D sketching.  Then he talks about 3-D sketching. Then he brings in adverbs. Next he talks about the design for the different points of views, interior, exterior, ect. Nearing the end he sums up his points and points of view issue.  Then finally concludes with the depth perception topic.

     Chapter 18 starts off talking about the way the mind is a path into the brain and comparing that idea to machine-mind learning in hopes of implementing a Dream System to build houses.  This method used for building houses would start with 2-D printing. Then Brooks brings in the 3-D aspect. Then this smart design moves onto the exterior views of a home. Next he talks about the workbook view, aka the progress and action plans. Brooks then talks about how computers would have to get into the specifications of such a project. Finally Brooks talks about the generalization view. And he concludes with some statements about the feasibility of such a Dream System.

Chapter 15-16

     Brooks begins chapter 15 by talking about how design has become far more complex and less hands on compared to original designers like Edison and Ford. He continues to talk about the effects of this "divorce of design." Next Brooks talks about the remedies to these arising problems.  These remedies are, "Use-scenario experience, Close interaction with users via incremental development and iterative delivery, concurrent engineering, and education of designers." All of these walk through the necessary steps of what designers need to do.

     Chapter 16 talks about design's trajectories and rationales. Brooks begins talking about linearizing the Web of knowledge, or understanding the different paths of a typical design. Then Brooks talks about design trees that represent trajectories.  He then shows a few examples of design trees. Then he goes more in-depth about the design process being more than just fulfilling requirements. Brooks breaks down all the different options that arise during a design and explains the important of alternative paths. The he bring up the difference between trees of design versus trees of decisions. He continues on talking about the different types of design. Then he mentions some alternative tools commonly used in design processes. Then he talks about the importance and growing use of Compendium. Nearing the end Brooks mentions some tantalizing tools.  In conclusion, Brooks explains the importance of DRed and RR and BAE systems.

Chapter 13-14

   Brooks starts the chapter talking about the roles of exemplars.  He mentions many designs are not all-new but rather based around old designs and made better. The next page talks about computer designers and how professionals have a wider range of exemplars than amateur designers. In order to study rationales of exemplars, one must study the technical papers and books about products, not just the basic manual.  Then Brooks talks about the evolution from first-gen computers to third-gen computers.  Then came virtual memory, the minicomputer, and the microcomputer. Brooks next writes about how authors can improve exemplars and write about them.  This practice takes careful criticism and in depth analysis.  Then Brooks talks about how designers must not be lazy but must have pride and originality in order to really create new exemplars.

     Brooks begins chapter 14 by talking about mistakes and how professional mistakes have much dire consequences than amateur mistakes, i.e. bridge collapses. The he cites JCL as the worst computer language ever created and used by IBM's operating systems.  He goes further into what JCL is and how its flawed.  He comments on the flawed complier and necessary information to knowJCL is vast and no one really knows how to use it. He mentions there are too few verbs, almost no branching, no iteration, and no clean subroutines. Brooks then talks about how JCL became into existence and why its flaws were overlooked. Finally he concludes with the lessons learned: Study failure more closely that success, don't be overconfident with success, and always consider assumptions and environments of designs.

Chapter 12

 Brooks opens the chapter talking about esthetics and how people have been decorating things for centuries.  Then he related this topic to programming and mathematics.  The word parsimony and structural clarity arise in Brooks discussion about programming elegance.  Brooks continues discussing orthogonality and propriety issues in computer architecture.  He hits on the importance of structural clarity as well.  Then he moves onto styles of design. In his style section, he hit many topics like the importance of details, minimization of mental effort, clarity, and consistency. Then Brooks talks about the properties of style, i.e. specification, evolution, and consistency. He continues with some guidelines about how to achieve good style. These guidelines are make conscious judgements, practice, practice, practice, revise, and choose designers carefully.

Chapter 11

    Brooks starts chapter 11 by talking about constraints challenge the designer.  Then he talks about the different types of constraints and describes each one: Real, Obsolete, Intentional artificial, and constraints misperceived as real.  Obsolete constraints come from using old technology. Misperceived constraints are constraints that are subtle and hard to see. Brooks further explains these types of constraints as false constraints.  Then he goes on to talk about general-purpose vs special-purpose constraints. An example is designing a 100 sq-ft house versus designing a 1000 sq-ft house for a family with 2 children in NC facing north.  He then talks more about these general-purpose vs special-purpose computer architecture. Brooks finishes talking about software and spatial design.

Chapter 10

In this chapter, the author discusses the concept of budget. Although many people associate recourses or budgeting with monetary amounts, it is often not the case. The author lists a bunch of items that are considered critical resources, but are not any sort of currency, such as bandwidth or time. He then relates the concept to his /360 project again. He believes this type of thought is productive and healthy for a design team. Not only is it healthy and product, but it can save a lot of unnecessary work later.

Chapter 9

Chapter 9 describes the importance of knowing your user. Brooks explains that "experienced designers often      begin by writing down exactly what they know about the user...". He explains the importance of this concept even though few designers actually follow through with detailed descriptions of their product's demographic. Brooks describes how knowing your consumer can be conflicting when dealing with a team. One part of a group/team could have a completely different idea of what the consumer really wants/needs in the final product, thus making it hard to successfully complete a design. Brooks finishes this chapter by saying that if you don't know all of the facts about your design, when it comes to dealing with the consumer, then the best option is to guess. He states that guesses should be explicit rather than vague. Brooks argues that explicit guesses can be questioned and tweaked easier than vague ones.

Chapter 8

In Chapter 8 Brooks describes two differences between rationalism and empiricism. He states that rationalist believe that man is sound and that man can make a flawless design. Empiricist, in contrast, think that humankind is flawed and that all designs by humans are inherently flawed as well. Brooks talks about how software design is very empiricist, they prototype often and test the results. Brooks claims to be a empiricist through experience. He states that often he would run into code problems that rooted from a human error. Contrary to the empiricist ideology that it is possible for humans, although rare, to make perfect code. He explains a story of how him and a partner were able to place code into a Harvard Mark IV, and their code worked perfectly the first time. He explains that they desk-tested the code using simulated execution before they implemented the code. He then talks about how groups, because of the empiricist ideology, are formed to perform correctness testing in operating system kernels. Even though a flawed humans are performing these task, Brooks believes this procedure is a way to correct the flaws of humanity when it comes to design. Brooks believes that, unlike software design, design of physical  objects tend to be harder to perform correctness testing. He states some ways of how designer test the correctness of their products, but Brooks demonstrates some of its flaws (including monetary issues).

Design Ch. 7

In chapter 7 Brooks covers  telecommunication.  He first covers the pros. Most of the pros are pretty straightforward, such as specialization, cost, and the ability to work with people in drastically different time zones. The author then goes into possible cons of telecommunication.  The cons seem to be a little more subtle than the pros. The author believes that lack of face-to-face time will cause problems down the road of design, even if the problems aren’t immediately obvious. He then goes into example about the IBM System /360 Project he worked on. In order to have a successful project, one must find a balance between using high tech and low tech methods on communication. The high tech can be used for the speedy transfer of information, while the low tech is used for establishing personal relationships. The author published a book with a coauthor via mail, but he believes this was only possible because he spent 7 years of face-to-face time with the coauthor prior to the project. The author finished by talking about the different communication options.

Design Ch. 6

In Chapter 6, Brooks talks about collaboration. Design was originally done by individuals, but today, it is done by groups of teams that may not even live in the same country. This shift was driven by two forces: the advance in telecommunications, and the need to design and sell products quickly. There are a few drawbacks to collaboration, such as cost, learning, communication and control. It is more expensive to partition a project, rather then have it be designed in a single piece. The more people that work on the project, the more people that need to be taught the necessary information to successfully design it. Communication can also be difficult, and this difficulty can lead to errors in scope or design. Control can also be difficult to designate. If a designer is not careful, a change he or she makes can be detrimental to another designer.

New Tech

New Australian turbine design
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/global-observer/australian-farmer-revolutionizes-water-turbine-technology/3720
Robot Hornot Drones
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/bulletin/robot-hornets-become-british-armys-latest-weapon/12028?tag=search-river
Wash and Dry Combo
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/bulletin/james-dyson-invents-sink-that-washes-and-dries-your-hands/12130?tag=search-river

Design Chapters 4-5

Chapter 5

Since Brooks discussed the fact that the rational model is not ideal. He proposes that maybe a designer might ask if  there is a model that exist that does not have the problems that the rational model has ,but also has the same core values as the rational model. Brooks begins discussing a couple of different model types that may be considered a solution to the questions the designer has. The first model Brooks discusses is the evolution model. This model is basically our "prototype the design then fix the design" model that we have discussed in class. A model similar to the evolution model is Raymond's Bazaar Model. Brooks compares this model the the open source world of Linux. Brooks explains that this idea works because the users are also the builders of the products they wish to be using. The last model that Fredrick Brooks discusses in this chapter is Boehm's spiral model. Brooks describes this model as the most promising of all of the other alternatives, but he does believe it needs some more tinkering.

Chapter 4

Sometimes effective design can be hampered by situations governed completely by bureaucracy. Those involved may have little understanding of design and expect absurd things to be possible. Not only this, they may be unwilling to allow for a more logical solution that is outside of the design scope itself. The many people involved can bring their own set of requirements and parameters that the project must meet and not be able to reconcile these needs with each other. This necessitates that the designer analyze all of the requirements and try to decide which are feasible and appropriate for the project. Projects should undergo a better process than this during initial creation of the scope that takes into account the relative importance of various requirements. Setting all of these requirements at the beginning hinders appropriate design as well since little knowledge about the cost and difficulty of achieving those requirements is so difficult to measure at the very beginning. Experienced, knowledgeable people should be involved/in charge from the outset to help field all of these requirements.
In theory, people should be able to follow a logical plan: client trusts designer and builder and pays appropriately for their expertise, the designer focuses foremost on the client's needs, and the builder attempts to build the best object possible for the cost and timetable. The problem with this is that each of these 'players' almost invariably will attempt to obtain some gain over the others, often through deceit. This necessitates that contracts be introduced to keep the design process flowing as it should and help prevent each party from attempting to cheat the others. However, trust is still required in the contracting process to let design run smoothly. This usually involves the client paying based on time or percentage to the designer, and the designer coming up with an accurate set of plans so for the builder to analyze and use in pricing and bidding. This process will probably need to be loosened up to allow for appropriate flow for each party, meaning each party will have to do small pieces at a time for proper communication to occur.

Fred Brooks Explained

00:00 WSOM Design Requirements Workshop .. what is it? what is WSOM? What are “design requirements?

WSOM-Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps

“WSOM 2011 will bring together researchers and practitioners in the field of self-organizing systems, with a particular emphasis on the self-organizing maps. It will highlight key advances in these and

closely related fields. WSOM 2011 is the eighth conference in a series of bi-annual international conferences started with WSOM'97 Helsinki.”(http://www.dsprelated.com/showmessage/142195/1.php)

In a classical view the design requirements are: Imitation, Development, Implementation, Operation/Maintenance

00:00 Case Western University .. what is it and where is it?

A private research university in Cleveland, Ohio,  USA.

“Case Western Reserve is particularly well known for its medical school, dental school, law school, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Department of Biomedical Engineering and its biomedical teaching and research capabilities.”(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University)

00:10 someone said “take one out of the bank” .. Collie? Callie? Kalli? Who is this person

Collie from Case Western University said it. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC-DlX-PaF4)

00:17 “.. award lecture from some seven years ago ” .. what award? who is it named for? who gives the award? why did Brooks receive the award?

It’s the ACM A.M. Turing award, from the Association for Computing Machinery, and it’s named after Alan Turing. Fred Brooks was given the award for landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and software engineering.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award)

00:45 what is this talk about?

The larger concept of the entire design process.

00:50 “oxford english dictionary” .. what is it? when was it written? 

It’s a dictionary of the English language and it began in 1857 but wasn’t published until 1884.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary)

00:51 what is the definition of “design”?
Design- to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan.
(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/design)

01:00 “vernacular” .. what does it mean?

“A vernacular is the native language or native dialect of a specific population, as opposed to a language of wider communication that is a second language or foreign language to the population, such as a national language, standard language, or lingua franca.”(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular)

01:02 “odd hoak?” .. what is he saying? what does it mean?

“Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning "for this".”(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc)

01:17 “comes from Mozart” .. who is Mozart?

“Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,  baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era.”(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart)

01:21 “three weeks before an opera was due” .. what opera? what does it sound like?
The Abduction from the Seraglio- contains lots of spoken dialogue and incorporates a large amount of percussion."Too many notes. Just cut a few and it will be perfect"- Joseph II

01:24 “his father Leopold” .. who was Leopold? what did he do?
Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang, was a famous German composer, conductor, violinist, and personal teacher of Wolfgang himself.

01:29 “due to the duke” .. what duke? duke of where? what is a “duke”? why was an opera due to the duke?

"In the summer of 1781, the 25-year-old musical genius Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was chosen by the Emperor Joseph II of Austria to set the opera The Abduction from the Seraglio, for the occasion of a critical state visit to Vienna of the Russian Grand Duke Paul, son of Catherine the Great."(http://american_almanac.tripod.com/mozart.htm)

Duke-"a monarch ruling over a duchy or a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch."(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke)

01:30 what did Mozart tell his father regarding the (design of the) opera?
Mozart told his father that everything had been composed, just not written down.

02:00 “why study the design process per se” .. what is “per se”? what is a “design process”? why study it?
Per se- "a unique or incomparable person or thing"(http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/237009?rskey=bOFmTy&result=3#eid)
Design Process- "The formulation of a plan to help and engineer build a product with a specified performance goal"(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_design_process)
It is important to study the design process to form a basis for initiating design, teaching others design, and to better organize and manage the design. As design experience is gained and ideas expand, it may seem beneficial to stray away from the basic design process.

02:24 “Francis Bacon” .. who is this person? what did he say? what did he do?

Francis Bacon was a English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bacon)

He said that new ideas would com about "by a connexion and transferring of the observations of one Arte, to the uses of another, when the experience of several misteries shall fall under consideration of one mans minde."(The Two Books of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Book 2, p 10, 1605) Francis Bacon question whether new designs could benefit from looking at older designs in history.

02:45 what disciplines have contributed to the theory of design?
Older disciplines such as mechanical engineering and building architecture before the new disciplines such as computer engineering and web design.

03:00 According to Brooks, what is new about design in the 21st century when we compare it to classical design in the 19th century?
New design now concentrates on the model of the design and employs large teams to complete the design whereas 19th century design was all solo work.

03:40 “ford” .. who is ford? what did he design?
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Henry ford was most famous the design of the model-T, one of the first affordable automobiles.

03:41 stevenson? stephensen?  .. who is this person? what did he design?

George Stephenson was "an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which opened in 1830."(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stephenson)

03:41 “edison?” who is that? what did he design?
Thomas Edison- designed the phonograph and a reliable version of a complete electric distribution system.

03:46 bruno leshi? bruun aleshi? .. who is this person? what did he design?
Filippo Brunelleschi- architect who designed several military fortifications around Italy. Other designs included a version of a river boat and a crane mechanism for lifting actors in shows to create the appearance of flying.

03:51 christopher rinn? rynne? .. who is this person? what did he design?

Sir Christopher Wren- Known for being a great architect in England who designed several buildings in the London area, including 51 churches, one being St. Paul’s  Cathedral. 

04:29 what is wrong with raising the level of the design practice?
Raising the level of the design practice results in the field remaining at the same level. The problem is that if that is all you do then the mass will all be at the average. The goal should be to raise the ceiling of the practice which will make the designs to come more innovative and great.

04:45 what is exciting about the process of design?
If we raise the ceiling of the practice then the designs that will be completed are much more innovative and useful to the world around us.

05:00 “the sciences of the artificial” .. what is it?
The Sciences of the Artificial is a book by Herbert Simons that focuses on the science of design and its relationship to artificial intelligence.

05:05 herb simons? .. who is he?
Herbert Simons- Author of design literature. Some of his works include The Sciences of the Artificul and Administrative Behavior.


05:10 “desiderata” .. what is that?

Desiderata- Secondary objectives in a design process which support the overall goal of the design.

05:15 “utility function” .. what is that?
 Utility function- The weighted goodness of each of the desiderata decisions that must be made during the design process.

05:30 “critical budget” .. what is that?
Critical budget- Constraints that have to be allocated to a design during its process. Most often they are monetary but can sometimes be things like time or material.

06:20 “design tree” .. what is that?

Design tree- A way of diagramming all requirements and design propositions in a given project or plan

06:25 “mono-rooted” .. what is that? what would you call a non-mono-rooted tree?

Mono rooted- Means that all of the branches converge to the same point at the top or bottom. A non mono rooted design would never converge and would have multiple, seperate parts of a design

07:45 “engineer’s model” .. what is it? 

Engineer's model- The design process used by engineers, consists of a goal, desiderata, utility function, constraints, and a design tree.

08:25 “so much for the straw man” .. what is a straw man? what straw man is he talking about?

A straw man or straw person is a false argument based in misunderstanding of an opposing viewpoint, he is talking about the misunderstanding that we know what we are trying to design.

08:27 “what’s wrong with this model” .. with *what* model? and what’s actually wrong with it?

we cannot know what we are trying to build, knowing what we are trying to build can cause problems within the design process, in some cases we cannot know what we are designing, this is the hardest part of the design is know what we are designing

09:15 what’s the hardest thing about designing complex systems? 

The hardest part is knowing the full scale of what we are trying to design.

09:20 “eliciting requirements” .. what is “eliciting”?

Eliciting- To provoke a question or reaction from someone, in this case trying to find out what is wanted by a client.

09:42 “north american aviation” .. who are they? what do they do?

They are an aerospace manufacturer for the US, they build aircrafts, they have built many very important aircrafts

09:45 “now part of rockwell” .. who are they? what do they do?

They are a conglomerate of aircraft/space industry manufacturers, conglomerate - multiple businesses working together in the same group often under a parent company.

10:30 “out of my gored? gord?” .. what is that word? what does it mean?

Gord as in gord of a plant. He is referring to being frustrated out of his mind.